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war1939

Gleiwitz incident — 1939 staged attack by Nazi forces

August 31, 1939

The Gleiwitz incident was a staged Nazi false flag operation used as a fabricated pretext to justify Germany's invasion of Poland, triggering World War II in Europe.

Quick Facts

Year
1939
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
31 August 1939
Operation
Operation Himmler
Target
Radio station Sender Gleiwitz
Perpetrators
German SS officers in Polish uniforms
Key witness
Alfred Naujocks, testified in 1945
Similar incidents
Approximately 24 other staged provocations

By the Numbers

31
Date
1,945
Key witness
24
Similar incidents

Location

Map of Gleiwitz, GermanyMap of Gleiwitz, GermanyGleiwitz, Germany

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Nazi Germany sought a manufactured justification for invading Poland. The SS devised Operation Himmler, a series of staged provocations designed to create the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany, providing Hitler with a publicly presentable casus belli for military action.

Event

On the night of 31 August 1939, German SS officers dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the Sender Gleiwitz radio station in Gleiwitz, Germany. The incident was the most prominent of roughly two dozen similar staged operations. Alfred Naujocks, an SS officer, later confirmed in 1945 that the attack was entirely fabricated.

Consequence

Hitler grouped the staged provocations as justification for the invasion of Poland, which began on 1 September 1939. Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, formally initiating the European theatre of World War II. The incident later became a documented example of state-sponsored false flag warfare.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Nazi Germany (SS)
Key Commanders

Alfred Naujocks.

Side B

1 belligerent

Poland (falsely implicated)
Outcome
Staged German victory used as pretext; invasion of Poland launched 1 September 1939

Timeline Context

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