The 2022–2023 protests were the most widespread challenge to Iran's Islamic Republic since 1979, triggered by the death of Mahsa Amini in morality police custody.
Key Facts
- Protests began
- 16 September 2022
- Confirmed deaths
- At least 551, including 68 minors
- Arrested (est.)
- 19,262 across 134+ cities and 132 universities
- Mahsa Amini's arrest date
- 13 September 2022
- UN findings (Feb 2024)
- Systematic crimes against humanity by Iranian regime
- Cities/towns affected
- At least 134
By the Numbers
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
On 13 September 2022, Mahsa Amini was arrested by Iran's Guidance Patrol for allegedly wearing her hijab improperly. Eyewitnesses reported she was beaten in custody; she collapsed, was hospitalized, and died three days later on 16 September 2022, sparking public outrage across Iran.
Beginning 16 September 2022, nationwide protests erupted across Iran, extending into 2023. Demonstrators, prominently including women and schoolchildren, demanded women's rights and the overthrow of the Islamic Republic. The government responded with internet blackouts, social media restrictions, tear gas, live fire, mass arrests, and lethal force.
At least 551 people were killed and approximately 19,262 arrested, with most pardoned by February 2023. The protests subsided by spring 2023 without achieving political change, leaving the leadership entrenched. In February 2024, a UN Fact-Finding Mission concluded the Iranian government had committed systematic crimes against humanity.