HistoryData
war2007

Operation Orchard — 2007 military operation

September 6, 2007

Israel destroyed a suspected Syrian nuclear reactor using advanced electronic warfare and airstrikes, invoking the Begin Doctrine of preemptive nuclear non-proliferation.

Quick Facts

Year
2007
Category
war

Key Facts

Date of strike
6 September 2007, just after midnight local time
Aircraft involved
Up to 8 IAF aircraft (F-15Is and F-16Is)
Squadrons
69 Squadron (F-15I), 119 and 253 Squadrons (F-16I)
Weapons used
AGM-65 Maverick missiles and 500-pound bombs
Israeli acknowledgment
Not officially confirmed until 21 March 2018
IAEA reactor confirmation
April 2011

By the Numbers

6
Date of strike
8
Aircraft involved
69
Squadrons
65
Weapons used

Location

Map of Deir ez-Zor, SyriaMap of Deir ez-Zor, SyriaDeir ez-Zor, Syria

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Israeli intelligence identified the Al Kibar site in Syria's Deir ez-Zor region as a suspected undeclared nuclear reactor with military purpose. After consulting with the Bush administration and concluding the US would not act, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert invoked the Begin Doctrine, deciding to strike unilaterally to prevent Syria from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability.

Event

On 6 September 2007, Israeli Air Force F-15I and F-16I aircraft struck and destroyed the Al Kibar nuclear site in Syria. IAF electronic warfare systems fed false data to Syrian air defenses throughout the operation. Special forces commandos reportedly designated the target on the ground. As many as eight aircraft participated, with at least four entering Syrian airspace.

Consequence

Both Israel and Syria kept the operation secret for months, avoiding international outcry. A 2009 IAEA investigation found evidence of uranium and graphite consistent with a nuclear reactor, and in April 2011 the IAEA officially confirmed the site was a nuclear reactor. Israel did not publicly acknowledge the attack until 2018. Following the fall of the Assad regime in 2024, Syria allowed expanded IAEA inspections at related sites.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Israel (Israeli Air Force)
Key Commanders

Ehud Olmert (Prime Minister).

Side B

1 belligerent

Syria
Outcome
Israeli airstrike destroyed the Al Kibar suspected nuclear reactor; Syria did not retaliate militarily; site later confirmed as nuclear reactor by IAEA in 2011.

Timeline Context

Timeline around 200720072004200520062008200920102007 World Men's Handball Championship — 2007 edition of the World Men's Handball ChampionshipAdam Air Flight 574 — 2007 aviation accident in Indonesia2007 FIFA Club World Cup — 2007 edition of the FIFA Club World Cup2007 World Championships in Athletics — 2007 edition of the World Championships in AthleticsJanuary 2007 — month of 20072007 Copa América — 2007 edition of the Copa América association football competition2007 Formula One World Championship — 61st season of Formula One motor racing2007 AFC Asian Cup — football tournamentoperation-orchard-2007-military-operation-2007