The Treaty of Giyanti formally divided the Mataram Sultanate in 1755, reshaping political power in Java under Dutch East India Company influence.
Key Facts
- Date signed
- February 13, 1755
- Signing location
- Giyanti Village, near Karanganyar, Central Java
- Primary parties
- Prince Mangkubumi, Dutch East India Company, Sunan Pakubuwono III
- Outcome
- Mataram Sultanate divided into two successor states
- War ended
- Third Javanese Succession War
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
The Third Javanese Succession War erupted as Prince Mangkubumi contested control of the Mataram Sultanate against Sunan Pakubuwono III and the Dutch East India Company. Prolonged military conflict and political rivalry over territorial authority within Mataram destabilized the region and compelled all parties to seek a negotiated resolution.
On February 13, 1755, representatives of Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and Sunan Pakubuwono III convened at Giyanti Village in Central Java to sign and ratify a formal peace accord. The agreement recognized both claimants as legitimate rulers by partitioning the Mataram Sultanate between them, ending active hostilities.
The Treaty of Giyanti established two successor states from the former Mataram Sultanate: the Sultanate of Yogyakarta under Mangkubumi, who took the title Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, and the Sunanate of Surakarta under Pakubuwono III. This division permanently altered Javanese political geography and entrenched Dutch influence over both courts.
Political Outcome
Mataram Sultanate partitioned into the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Sunanate of Surakarta, ending the Third Javanese Succession War
Unified but contested Mataram Sultanate under Sunan Pakubuwono III, challenged by Prince Mangkubumi
Mataram divided into two separate states: Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Sunanate of Surakarta, both under Dutch oversight