HistoryData
disaster1990

Earthquake on Luzon Island in the Philippines that occurred on July 16, 1990

July 16, 1990

One of the deadliest Philippine earthquakes of the 20th century, killing over 1,600 people across Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.

Quick Facts

Year
1990
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Magnitude
7.8 (surface-wave magnitude)
Death toll
Approximately 1,621 killed
Ground rupture length
125 km (Dingalan to Kayapa) km
Date and time
July 16, 1990, 3:26 p.m. PST
Primary faults involved
Philippine Fault and Digdig Fault
Epicenter
Near Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast of Cabanatuan

By the Numbers

7.8
Magnitude
1,621
Death toll
125km
Ground rupture length
1,619,903
Date and time

Location

Map of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesMap of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesRizal, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The earthquake resulted from strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault, both part of the Philippine fault system. These faults run through the densely populated island of Luzon, placing large numbers of people at risk from seismic activity along this tectonically active zone.

Event

On July 16, 1990, at 3:26 p.m. Philippine Standard Time, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Luzon. Its epicenter was near Rizal, Nueva Ecija, and the event produced a 125-kilometer-long ground rupture stretching from Dingalan to Kayapa, causing widespread destruction across Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.

Consequence

An estimated 1,621 people were killed, with the majority of fatalities concentrated in Central Luzon and the Cordillera region. The disaster caused extensive damage to infrastructure and communities on the island and highlighted the vulnerability of densely populated areas to major seismic events along the Philippine fault system.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 1,621 (earthquake)

earthquakeMagnitude 7.8 surface-wave magnitude
Central LuzonCordillera Administrative RegionLuzon

Timeline Context

Timeline around 199019901987198819891991199219931990 FIBA World Championship — 1990 edition of the FIBA World Championship1990–91 European Cup Winners' Cup — 1990–1991 edition of the European Cup Winners' CupEurovision Song Contest 1990 — 35th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest1990s — decade of the Gregorian calendar (1990–1999)1990 FIFA World Cup — 14th FIFA World Cup, held in Italy1990 Asian Games — 11th edition of the Asian Games1990 African Cup of Nations — football tournament1990–91 UEFA Cup — 20th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA1990-luzon-earthquake-1990