HistoryData
disaster1992

Magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Egypt

October 12, 1992

The deadliest earthquake to strike Egypt since 1847, killing 561 people and leaving over half a million homeless across 16 governorates.

Quick Facts

Year
1992
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Magnitude
5.8–5.9
Deaths
561 people
Injuries
12,392 people
Homeless
over 500,000 people
Buildings destroyed or damaged
129,000 structures
Governorates affected
16

By the Numbers

5.8
Magnitude
561people
Deaths
12,392people
Injuries
500,000people
Homeless

Location

Map of Cairo, EgyptMap of Cairo, EgyptCairo, Egypt

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

A seismic rupture originating in the Western Desert near Dahshur, approximately 35 km south of Cairo, triggered the earthquake. Egypt's geological setting, while not among the world's most seismically active zones, sits near tectonic boundaries that can generate damaging events.

Event

On 12 October 1992 at 15:09 local time, a magnitude 5.8–5.9 earthquake struck with its epicenter near Dahshur, Giza. Despite its moderate size, the quake proved unusually destructive, affecting tens of cities and villages across Greater Cairo, the Nile Delta, and northern Upper Egypt.

Consequence

The disaster killed 561 people, injured 12,392, and rendered more than half a million homeless. Some 129,000 residential buildings were destroyed or seriously damaged across 16 governorates. It became the most damaging seismic event to affect Egypt since 1847, exposing significant vulnerabilities in urban building stock.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 561 (earthquake)

earthquakeMagnitude 5.8 Richter/ML
Greater CairoNile DeltaNorthern Upper Egypt

Timeline Context

Timeline around 199219921989199019911993199419951992 African Cup of Nations — football tournament1992 Summer Olympics medal table1992 Formula One World Championship — sports seasonBasketball at the 1992 Summer Olympics — Basketball olympic competition in Bacelona, 19921992 AFC Asian Cup — football tournamentEurovision Song Contest 1992 — 37th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest1992 Summer Olympics — Games of the XXV Olympiad in Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainUnified Team — special team of athletes from countries of the former Soviet Union (excepting the 3 Baltic countries) competing in the 1992 Winter and Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games1992-cairo-earthquake-1992