HistoryData
disaster2005

2005 Kashmir earthquake — earthquake

October 8, 2005

The 2005 Kashmir earthquake killed up to 87,350 people in Pakistan alone, making it the deadliest earthquake in the region's recorded history.

Quick Facts

Year
2005
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Moment Magnitude
7.6
Mercalli Intensity
XI (Extreme)
Death Toll (Pakistan)
73,276–87,350 (est. up to 100,000+) deaths
Deaths in India
1,360 deaths
Injured
~138,000 people
Left without shelter
~3,500,000 people

By the Numbers

7.6
Moment Magnitude
73,276deaths
Death Toll (Pakistan)
1,360deaths
Deaths in India
138,000people
Injured

Location

Map of Muzaffarabad, PakistanMap of Muzaffarabad, PakistanMuzaffarabad, Pakistan

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The earthquake resulted from severe upthrust along a fault zone in the tectonically active region where the Indian and Eurasian plates converge beneath the Himalayas. The area had experienced significant seismic activity historically, including the 1935 Quetta earthquake, reflecting the region's ongoing geological instability.

Event

On 8 October 2005 at 08:50:39 Pakistan Standard Time, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Azad Jammu and Kashmir, with its epicenter 19 km northeast of Muzaffarabad. Shaking was felt across Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and China's Xinjiang region, causing catastrophic structural collapse across densely populated mountain communities.

Consequence

The disaster killed between 73,276 and 87,350 people in Pakistan, with estimates reaching over 100,000, plus 1,360 in India and 4 in Afghanistan. Approximately 138,000 were injured and nearly 3.5 million were left homeless, triggering a major international humanitarian response and becoming the fifth deadliest natural disaster of the 2000s decade.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 87,350 (earthquake)

Range: 73,276100,000

earthquakeMagnitude 7.6 Moment Magnitude
Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PakistanMuzaffarabad, PakistanBalakot, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanJammu and Kashmir, IndiaAfghanistanTajikistanXinjiang, China

Timeline Context

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