HistoryData
war1864

Military engagement in the American Civil War

December 19, 1864

A Confederate defensive victory that kept open supply lines to besieged Savannah by preventing Union forces from destroying the Altamaha River railroad bridge.

Quick Facts

Year
1864
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
December 19, 1864
Location
Wayne County, Georgia
Confederate commander
Brig. Gen. Henry Kent McCay
Union attacker
Col. Smith D. Atkins, under Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick
Confederate artillery
Two 32-pounder rifled guns at Doctortown
Outcome
Confederate victory; bridge held, Union forces withdrew

Location

Map of Wayne County, Georgia, United StatesMap of Wayne County, Georgia, United StatesWayne County, Georgia, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

General Sherman, halted outside Savannah during his March to the Sea, sought to sever Confederate supply lines into the city on December 16, 1864. He ordered Union troops to destroy the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad from the Ogeechee River to the Altamaha River bridge, a vital Confederate logistical link.

Event

A Union cavalry brigade under Col. Smith D. Atkins attacked the Confederate-defended Altamaha River railroad bridge on December 19, 1864. Confederate militia under Brig. Gen. Henry Kent McCay, supported by earthworks and artillery at Doctortown, repelled the assault. Union forces destroyed a trestlework near Morgan's Lake but failed to capture the bridge or the Confederate battery.

Consequence

The Confederate defense preserved the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad bridge, keeping supply lines into besieged Savannah open. The Union cavalry withdrew to the Ogeechee River without achieving its objective, leaving Sherman's effort to isolate Savannah by rail destruction incomplete on that front.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

United States (Union)
Key Commanders

Col. Smith D. Atkins, Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick.

Side B

1 belligerent

Confederate States of America
Key Commanders

Brig. Gen. Henry Kent McCay.

Outcome
Confederate victory; Union forces failed to destroy the Altamaha River railroad bridge and withdrew

Timeline Context

Timeline around 18641864186118621863186518661867War in the Colorado Territory of native Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes against white settlers and militia1864 border treaty between Qing China and Russian Empire1864 battle of the American Civil War in North CarolinaEvent during the Second Schleswig War1864 American Civil War battle in Alabama1864 battles of the Second Schleswig War1864 only major battle in Florida during the American Civil WarBattle of the American Civil War in northern Florida, 1 March 1864battle-of-altamaha-bridge-1864