HistoryData
war1809

Minor sea battle during Napoleonic Wars

October 25, 1809

A minor Napoleonic naval skirmish in which two French ships of the line were scuttled to avoid capture, with the remainder escaping to Toulon.

Quick Facts

Year
1809
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
25 October 1809
French ships of the line
3
French frigates
2
British ships in squadron
6
French ships of the line scuttled
2 (ran aground)
Follow-up action
British cutting-out party attacked convoy off Roses, 1 November

By the Numbers

25
Date
3
French ships of the line
2
French frigates
6
British ships in squadron

Location

Map of Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, FranceMap of Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, FranceVilleneuve-lès-Maguelone, France

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

A French Imperial Navy squadron of three ships of the line and two frigates was escorting a convoy when it encountered a six-ship British Royal Navy squadron during the Peninsular War. The French sought to protect the convoy while evading a superior or threatening British force by hugging the shallow coastal waters near Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone.

Event

In a running battle on 25 October 1809, two French ships of the line ran aground in the shallow inshore waters. Their crews evacuated and scuttled both vessels after removing cannons and other valuable equipment. The three remaining French ships successfully disengaged and escaped to the naval base at Toulon.

Consequence

The loss of two ships of the line weakened the French squadron, and the convoy they had been protecting remained exposed. On 1 November 1809, a British cutting-out party attacked the convoy off Roses, Girona, destroying most of it and capturing three vessels, compounding the French naval setback in the western Mediterranean.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

French Imperial Navy

Side B

1 belligerent

British Royal Navy
Outcome
French squadron escaped to Toulon after scuttling two grounded ships of the line; British subsequently destroyed most of the escorted convoy off Roses.

Timeline Context

Timeline around 180918091806180718081810181118121809 riots in London1809 battle in India1809 war during the War of the Fifth Coalition1809 land treaty between the United States government and several Native American peoples1809 minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars1809 battle between a French Navy squadron of three frigates and a larger British squadron of ships of the line.1809 minor battle of the Peninsular War1809 small naval battle fought between the French frigate Niémen and several British frigates during the Napoleonic Warsbattle-of-maguelone-1809