HistoryData
war1991

Engagement that took place on March 2, 1991

March 2, 1991

A controversial U.S. armored attack on withdrawing Iraqi forces two days after the Gulf War ceasefire was declared, raising questions about battlefield ethics.

Quick Facts

Year
1991
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
March 2, 1991
Days after ceasefire
2 days
U.S. unit
24th Infantry Division
U.S. commander
Major General Barry McCaffrey
Location
Near Rumaila oil field, Euphrates Valley, southern Iraq

By the Numbers

21,991
Date
2days
Days after ceasefire
24
U.S. unit

Location

Map of IraqMap of IraqIraq

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Following Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, President Bush declared a ceasefire on February 28, 1991. Iraqi Republican Guard armored units began withdrawing northward through the Euphrates Valley near the Rumaila oil field, creating a large column of retreating forces in the immediate aftermath of hostilities.

Event

On March 2, 1991, two days after the ceasefire declaration, U.S. Army forces of the 24th Infantry Division under Major General Barry McCaffrey engaged a large column of withdrawing Iraqi Republican Guard armored forces near Rumaila. The attack nearly annihilated the Iraqi column and was conducted despite the declared end of hostilities.

Consequence

The battle became one of the most controversial engagements of the Gulf War, sparking debate over whether the attack on withdrawing troops after a ceasefire was legally and morally justified. McCaffrey faced scrutiny and subsequent investigations into his conduct during the engagement, making it a lasting point of contention in Gulf War history.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

United States Army (24th Infantry Division)
Key Commanders

Major General Barry McCaffrey.

Side B

1 belligerent

Iraqi Republican Guard
Outcome
Near-annihilation of the Iraqi Republican Guard column; controversial U.S. victory two days after ceasefire

Timeline Context

Timeline around 199119911988198919901992199319941991 FIFA World Youth Championship — International football competitionEuroBasket 1991 — FIBA EuroBasket1991 European Super Cup — football matchEurovision Song Contest 1991 — 36th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest1991 Formula One World Championship — sports season1991 Copa América — 1991 edition of the Copa América association football competition1991–92 UEFA Cup — 21st season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup — 1991 edition of the association football competition CONCACAF Gold Cupbattle-of-rumaila-1991