HistoryData
politics1795

1795 treaty that established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain

October 27, 1795

Pinckney's Treaty resolved the U.S.-Spanish Florida border dispute and secured American navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Quick Facts

Year
1795
Category
politics

Key Facts

Signed
October 27, 1795
U.S. Negotiator
Thomas Pinckney
Spanish Representative
Don Manuel de Godoy
U.S. Senate Ratification
March 7, 1796
Spanish Ratification
April 25, 1796
Treaty Proclaimed
August 2, 1796

By the Numbers

271,795
Signed
71,796
U.S. Senate Ratification
251,796
Spanish Ratification
21,796
Treaty Proclaimed

Location

Map of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, SpainMap of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, SpainSan Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Ongoing border disputes between the United States and Spain over the boundary with Spanish Florida, combined with American demands for navigation rights on the Mississippi River, created diplomatic tensions that both nations sought to resolve through formal negotiation.

Event

On October 27, 1795, Thomas Pinckney and Don Manuel de Godoy signed Pinckney's Treaty in San Lorenzo, Spain. The agreement defined the border between the United States and Spanish Florida and formally guaranteed American navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Consequence

The treaty ended the first phase of the West Florida Controversy and was ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 7, 1796. Spain ratified it on April 25, 1796, and the treaty was proclaimed on August 2, 1796, establishing a framework for U.S.-Spanish relations in the region.

Political Outcome

Outcome

Defined the U.S.-Spanish Florida border and guaranteed U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River, ending the first phase of the West Florida Controversy.

Before

Disputed border between the United States and Spanish Florida; American navigation on the Mississippi contested by Spain

After

Border formally delimited; U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River guaranteed by treaty

Signatories

Thomas Pinckney
U.S. Envoy Extraordinary
Don Manuel de Godoy
Spanish Prime Minister and representative

Timeline Context

Timeline around 179517951792179317941796179717981795 treaty ending the Northwest Indian WarSeries of food riots and disturbances in England in 1795Battle where French forces captured Dutch ships using cavalry1795 naval battle of the War of the First Coalition1795 battle between Nizam and Maratha Confederacy in Western IndiaPopular revolt in Paris on 20 May 1795 against the policies of the Thermidorian ConventionConflict between native Darug people and the New South Wales Corps (1795)1795 event during the War of the Pyreneespinckneys-treaty-1795