The first direct large-scale military conflict between Israel and Iran, ending after twelve days with a US-brokered ceasefire in June 2025.
Key Facts
- Duration
- 13 to 24 June 2025 (twelve days)
- Iranian missiles fired
- Over 550 ballistic missiles
- Iranian drones fired
- Over 1,000 suicide drones
- Iranian death toll
- Estimated 1,060–1,190 killed
- Nuclear sites struck
- Natanz, Isfahan, and Fordow
- Ceasefire brokered by
- United States, 24 June 2025
By the Numbers
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
Decades of proxy conflict between Iran and Israel, Iran's advancing nuclear enrichment program, and escalating direct exchanges following the October 2023 Hamas attacks set the stage. The day before hostilities began, the IAEA declared Iran non-compliant with its nuclear obligations, providing the immediate diplomatic backdrop for Israel's decision to launch a surprise strike.
On 13 June 2025, Israel launched surprise airstrikes on Iranian military and nuclear facilities, killing senior commanders, IRGC leaders, and at least ten nuclear scientists. Iran retaliated with over 550 ballistic missiles and more than 1,000 drones targeting Israeli population centers and infrastructure. On 22 June, the United States bombed three Iranian nuclear sites; Iran responded by striking a US base in Qatar.
A ceasefire was agreed on 24 June 2025 under US pressure. Iranian casualties numbered between 1,060 and 1,190 dead, with thousands wounded and tens of thousands displaced. The nuclear facilities at Natanz, Isfahan, and Fordow were extensively damaged. Iran suspended IAEA cooperation, and international condemnation was widespread, though the conflict was followed by a renewed 2026 Iran war launched on 28 February 2026.
Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis
Side A
2 belligerents
Side B
1 belligerent