Physics
1 Laureate
Lev Landau
Azerbaijan
“for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium”
Chemistry
2 Laureates
Physiology or Medicine
3 Laureates
Francis Crick
United Kingdom
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
James Watson
United States
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
Maurice Wilkins
United Kingdom
“for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”
Literature
1 Laureate
John Steinbeck
United States
“for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception”
Peace
1 Laureate
Linus Pauling
United States
“for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West”