Nobel Prize in Physics

for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit

for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit

for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit

for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks

for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks

for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter

for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter

for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter

for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science

for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science

for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science

for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming

for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming

for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales

for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity

for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy

for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy

for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology

for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star

for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star

for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems

for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses

for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses

for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves

for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves

for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves

for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter

for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter

for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter

for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass

for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass

for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources

for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider

for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider

for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems

for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae

for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance

for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance

for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence

for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique

for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics

for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light

for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light

for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3

for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3

for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3

for the discovery of the tau lepton

for the detection of the neutrino

for the development of neutron spectroscopy

for the development of the neutron diffraction technique

for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation

for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation

for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber

for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers

for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks

for the development of the ion trap technique

for the development of the ion trap technique

for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino

for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino

for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino

for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials

for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials

for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope

for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope

for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope

for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect

for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction

for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction

for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars

for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe

for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions

for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy

for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy

for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons

for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons

for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current

for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current

for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current

for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics

for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation

for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation

for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems

for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems

for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems

for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind

for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind

for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection

for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection

for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection

for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars

for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars

for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively

for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively

for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects

for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory

for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory

for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory

for his invention and development of the holographic method

for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics

for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics

for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions

for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis

for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars

for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms

for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle

for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle

for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle

for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles

for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium

for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons

for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name

for the invention of the bubble chamber

for their discovery of the antiproton

for their discovery of the antiproton

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles

for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles

for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect

for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect

for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect

for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum

for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron

for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction

for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith

for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope

for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith

for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith

for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles

for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles

for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method

for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces

for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation

for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer

for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics

for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle

for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei

for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton

for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements

for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons

for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals

for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals

for his discovery of cosmic radiation

for his discovery of the positron

for the discovery of the neutron

for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory

for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory

for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen

for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him

for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons

for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him

for his discovery of the effect named after him

for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour

for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium

for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom

for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom

for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy

for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect

for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them

for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys

for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields

in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta

for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements

for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays

for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays

for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals

for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium

for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys

for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat

for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids

in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy

in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy

for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference

for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid

in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases

for his work on cathode rays

for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies

in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity

in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel

in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel

in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena

in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena

in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him