Physics
Carlo Rubbia
“for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”
Simon van der Meer
“for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction”
Chemistry
Bruce Merrifield
“for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix”
Physiology or Medicine
Niels Kaj Jerne
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
Georges J.F. Köhler
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
César Milstein
“for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”
Literature
Jaroslav Seifert
“for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man”
Peace
Desmond Tutu
“for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa”
Economic Sciences
Richard Stone
“for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis”