Physics
3 Laureates
Robert B. Laughlin
United States
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
Horst L. Störmer
Germany
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
Daniel C. Tsui
United States
“for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations”
Chemistry
2 Laureates
Physiology or Medicine
3 Laureates
Robert F. Furchgott
United States
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
Louis J. Ignarro
United States
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
Ferid Murad
United States
“for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”
Literature
1 Laureate
José Saramago
Portugal
“who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality”
Peace
2 Laureates
Economic Sciences
1 Laureate
Amartya Sen
India
“for his contributions to welfare economics”