Physics
3 Laureates
Zhores Alferov
Russia
“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”
Herbert Kroemer
United States
“for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics”
Jack Kilby
United States
“for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit”
Chemistry
3 Laureates
Physiology or Medicine
3 Laureates
Literature
1 Laureate
Gao Xingjian
France
“for an œuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama”
Peace
1 Laureate
Kim Dae-jung
South Korea
“for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular”
Economic Sciences
2 Laureates