HistoryData
war1797

1797 naval battle during the War of the First Coalition

January 25, 1797

A Spanish ship of the line repelled a British squadron in the Gulf of Cádiz, forcing the attackers to withdraw with heavy damage.

Quick Facts

Year
1797
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
25 January 1797
British squadron size
3 frigates and 1 corvette
Spanish vessel
San Francisco de Asís (third-rate ship of the line)
British commander
George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway
Spanish commander
Captain Alonso de Torres y Guerra
Outcome
British withdrew; Spanish returned to Cádiz undamaged

By the Numbers

25
Date
3
British squadron size
8
British commander

Location

Map of Cádiz, SpainMap of Cádiz, SpainCádiz, Spain

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

During the French Revolutionary Wars, British naval forces were actively operating in Iberian waters against French and Spanish shipping. A British squadron of three frigates and a corvette under the Earl of Galloway encountered the Spanish third-rate ship of the line San Francisco de Asís in the Gulf of Cádiz and moved to attack and pursue her.

Event

On 25 January 1797, the British squadron engaged the San Francisco de Asís in an intermittent but fierce exchange of fire lasting several hours. Despite their numerical advantage in vessels, the British warships sustained significant damage during the action and were unable to overpower the larger Spanish ship of the line.

Consequence

The British squadron was eventually forced to withdraw due to the damage sustained, while the San Francisco de Asís suffered only minor damage and returned safely to Cádiz. Spanish Captain Alonso de Torres y Guerra was subsequently promoted in recognition of his success in repelling the British attack.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Spain
Key Commanders

Captain Alonso de Torres y Guerra.

Side B

1 belligerent

Great Britain
Key Commanders

George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway.

Outcome
Spanish victory; British squadron withdrew with heavy damage; San Francisco de Asís returned to Cádiz with minor damage.

Timeline Context

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