HistoryData
war1797

1797 naval battle of the French Revolutionary Wars

February 14, 1797

A British naval victory over a larger Spanish fleet that secured British access to the Mediterranean during the War of the First Coalition.

Quick Facts

Year
1797
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
14 February 1797
British commander
Admiral Sir John Jervis
Spanish commander
Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos
Conflict
War of the First Coalition (French Revolutionary Wars)
Outcome for Córdoba
Dismissed from Spanish navy, banned from court

Location

Map of PortugalMap of PortugalPortugal

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Britain and Spain had recently entered into open war during the broader French Revolutionary Wars and the War of the First Coalition. The Spanish fleet sailed in the Atlantic off Cape St. Vincent, southwest Portugal, bringing it into contact with a British naval force operating in the region.

Event

On 14 February 1797, a British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis engaged a larger Spanish fleet commanded by Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos off Cape St. Vincent. Despite being outnumbered, the British forces decisively defeated the Spanish in a fleet action, demonstrating tactical superiority over their opponents.

Consequence

The British victory secured continued British access to the Mediterranean Sea. Jervis and his officers received recognition and rewards for their conduct. The defeated Spanish commander Córdoba was dismissed from the navy and forbidden from appearing at court, reflecting the severity of the Spanish defeat.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Great Britain
Key Commanders

Admiral Sir John Jervis.

Side B

1 belligerent

Spain
Key Commanders

Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos.

Outcome
British victory; Spanish fleet defeated, British Mediterranean access secured

Timeline Context

Timeline around 17971797179417951796179817991800Treaty between the USA and Tripolitania, ratified in 1797, and remembered for its position on church-state separation1797 battle of the War of the First CoalitionPart of the Rhine Campaign of 1796 during the War of the First Coalition1797 naval battle during the War of the First Coalition1797 naval battle during the War of the First Coalition1797 siege during the War of the First Coalition1797 battle of the French Revolutionary wars1797 battle of the War of the First Coalitionbattle-of-cape-st-vincent-1797