Physics
2 Laureates
Chemistry
1 Laureate
Linus Pauling
United States
“for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances”
Physiology or Medicine
3 Laureates
John F. Enders
United States
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Thomas H. Weller
United States
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Frederick C. Robbins
United States
“for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”
Literature
1 Laureate
Ernest Hemingway
United States
“for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style”