HistoryData
war2013

Westgate shopping mall shooting — Terrorist attack at a shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya on 21 September 2013

September 21, 2013

The Westgate attack killed 71 people and exposed Kenya's vulnerability to al-Shabaab terrorism in retaliation for its military intervention in Somalia.

Quick Facts

Year
2013
Category
war

Key Facts

Total deaths
71 (62 civilians, 5 soldiers, 4 attackers)
Wounded
Approximately 200
Attackers
4 masked gunmen
Attack date
21 September 2013
Mall secured
24 September 2013
Perpetrator group
al-Shabaab

By the Numbers

71
Total deaths
200
Wounded
4
Attackers
21
Attack date

Location

Map of Nairobi, KenyaMap of Nairobi, KenyaNairobi, Kenya

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Al-Shabaab cited Kenya's military deployment in Somalia under Operation Linda Nchi (2011–2012) as justification for the attack, framing it as retribution for Kenyan intervention in the group's home territory.

Event

On 21 September 2013, four masked gunmen stormed the upmarket Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, opening fire on civilians. The siege lasted several days, during which a fire caused part of the mall to collapse. The attack killed 71 people and wounded approximately 200 others before Kenyan security forces declared the mall secured on 24 September.

Consequence

Kenyan authorities arrested dozens of people following the attack, and in November 2013 a court charged four Somali nationals with harbouring the gunmen. The attack intensified scrutiny of Kenya's security apparatus and highlighted the threat posed by al-Shabaab to civilian targets beyond Somalia's borders.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Al-Shabaab
Peak Mobilized Forces4
Estimated Casualties4
Casualty Rate100.0%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized

Side B

1 belligerent

Kenya (civilians, soldiers, security forces)
Estimated Casualties67
Total Casualties (all sides)
71
Outcome
Attack ended after Kenyan security forces secured the mall on 24 September 2013; all four gunmen killed; no direct suspects publicly charged for the siege.

Timeline Context

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